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After you get the paper, you can request revisions, so the ultimate outcome might be exactly how you need it. Use each opportunity to improve the process and the quality of your content material. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-58139308299154928382020-05-31T13:54:00.001-07:002020-05-31T13:54:03.494-07:00Representation of gender in The Crucible and Macbeth - Literature Essay Samples Drama is the performance of a narrative by actors on stage, and differs from prose fiction in that it is interpreted and presented by others rather than the individual viewer. The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a drama that illustrates a theocratic society corrupted by expectations and pressure to maintain a respectable reputation. These ideas are highlighted in the text through the use of dramatic conventions such as dialogue, stage directions, body language and lighting. Another play: Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, conveys a similar message of the manipulation and exploitation that is experienced by mankind. This manifests itself through the use of character development and relationships as well as language and symbolism. Both of these texts make comment on what it is to be a man or a woman, and how each gender is expected to conform in order to meet societyââ¬â¢s expectations. However they do differ in the way they communicate this message to their audience. David Gilmore explains manhood as ââ¬Å"a precarious or artificial state that boys must win against powerful odds.â⬠It is a concept that has a significant impact on the minds of men, who are constantly faced with the expectation of being a strong and powerful figure. The notion of masculinity has a major impact in The Crucible because it affects the decision-making and overall personalities of some of the characters, who struggle to come to terms with what it is to be a man. One character whose personality is moulded by this concept is Danforth: a harsh judge whose intentions are to convict as many people as possible. The reasons behind his actions are simple; he wishes to remain respected and superior as a judge and as a person. The more dominant and powerful a person can appear, the more masculine society tells them they are. Danforth makes many irrational decisions to get people to see that he will not be taken lightly nor will he step down from his pedestal, he demonstrate s this by ignoring the truths presented to him. In the closing scene of the play he can be seen begging Proctor to confess saying things like, ââ¬Å"You will give me your honest confession in my hand, or I cannot keep you from the rope.â⬠The tone of his voice is angry and despairing, indicating how desperate he is to have this confession in his hand so he may maintain his reputation. He also ignores Proctors pleas due to the fear of being proven wrong because it would cause him to show signs of ââ¬Å"weakness,â⬠making him seem less powerful. John Proctor is another character in Millerââ¬â¢s play whose actions are navigated by his overwhelming need to protect his reputation and thus his masculinity. This is evident in the final Act when he yells, ââ¬Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life!â⬠His name is a representation of everything he has gained in life, his family, his land and his reputation. This explains the immense emotion pres ent in his body language and dialogue as he feels that by signing his name to lie he is throwing away his dignity and forgoing his masculinity. William Shakespeare did not have much faith in traditional gender roles, and this is evident through his constant subversion of these roles in the submission of men. In a similar way to Arthur Miller he illustrates his feelings that much was amiss in society, with the pressure of gender conformation and stereotypes playing heavily on peoples actions. His results are striking in the creation of a cast who each represent something unique about humanity. Two of his male characters, in Macbeth and Macduff, are crucial to exploring the notion of what it is to be a man. Macbeth knows what he must do, that is kill Duncan, but he needs something more to spur him on because as Lady Macbeth says he is ââ¬Å"too full oââ¬â¢thââ¬â¢milk of human kindness.â⬠This implies that he is too full of womanly qualities, through the metaphor of carrying milk like a mother would. She sees him as too feminine which leads her to compensate for him by saying things such as, ââ¬Å"unsex me here,â⠬ and ââ¬Å"come to my womanââ¬â¢s breast and take my milk for gall.â⬠As the gender roles begin to subvert Shakespeareââ¬â¢s vision of the unnatural masculine figure becomes clear. Macbeth represents a figure struggling with the idea of being a man, and due to external influences is conflicted as to whether feeling emotions and upholding morals is acceptable for a man of his status. Another character who presents an aspect of what is to be a man is Macduff, who at a pivotal moment of the play, demonstrates tremendous courage, compassion and self-assuredness as he is told to take the news of his families murder ââ¬Å"like a man.â⬠To which he retorts, ââ¬Å"I shall do so/But I must also feel it as a man.â⬠This line serves as an accusation of the Macbethââ¬â¢s for believing that sensitivity is unbecoming of a man. In the final Act of the play it is shown that Macduff is the person that is finally able to kill Macbeth, demonstrating that he is in fact th e stronger one of the two men. Macduff may be Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ideal vision of a man, or at least, one ideal vision of a man; but there is not just one ideal, because, as the play indicates, it is more important for a person to know themselves than try to live up to an ideal set forth by anyone else. The notion of feminism is a growing movement with the intention to abolish any inequalities that women may face in comparison to men. Although Macbeth does explore the stereotypical role of women through his characters of Lady Macduff, he also illustrates an attempt at breaking free from any lingering ideas of femininity in the form of Lady Macbeth. Perhaps the greatest way of showing this is in the line, ââ¬Å"I have given suck and know how tender ââ¬Ëtis to love the babe that milks me: I would while it was smilingâ⬠¦have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed he brains out.â⬠This demonstrates how removed Lady Macbeth is from her femininity, which she clearly believes was limiting her ability to commit any act of horror or to achieve what she truly wants. It is her fiery desire to ââ¬Å"unsexâ⬠herself that reveals some of the problems with the traditional female identity; her words and actions are the result of her frustrations with her perceived na tural limits. Her estranged ability to manipulate her male counterpart of Macbeth, through a feminist lens, challenges the notion of a patriarchal society of which she lives in, indicating that her character was created to challenge rather than endorse norms. In comparison the character of Lady Macduff is one that does conform to the standards of society, as she fills the role of a marginalized and subordinate female. She refers to herself as ââ¬Å"his wife,â⬠which indicates that she views herself as no more than a mans property and she continues to say ââ¬Å"his babes, his mansion, and his titles,â⬠demonstrating that nothing is her own. These characters show two contrasting representations of the female form and perhaps reflect the turmoil that was occurring in society with women realizing their strengths and beginning to manipulate their oppressors. From the very beginning of the play Shakespeare disrupts the notions of femininity with the physical description of the witches portraying them as masculine, withered and wild that reflects in their hunched body language and dark attire. This is exaggerated with Banquo going as far as to say, ââ¬Å"You should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so.â⬠This allows readers to see the confusion, which is a major theme in Macbeth, that is created because of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ability to question norms. In a similar way Arthur Miller, in The Crucible, creates strong female characters such as Abigail Williams, who disrupt the natural order, and to add a basis for comparison he has more stereotypical characters such as Elizabeth Proctor and Mary Warren. These latter females are forced to portray a delicate, victimized role due to the masculine power that is oppressing them, making it so that they cannot gain the full respect that they deserve. One way that these women are held back is the great pressure placed on them to meet the expectation of others and to not draw unwanted attention, this is demonstrated when Abigail proclaims, ââ¬Å"My name is good in the village! I will not have it say my name is soiled!â⬠Additionally the oppression they experience, from men, contributes to their submission, for example when John Proctor yells at Mary Warren, his female slave, ââ¬Å"How do you go to Salem when I forbid it? Iââ¬â¢ll whip you if you dare leave this house again.â⬠Th is demonstrates the lack of political power and general control women had over their own lives in a time where being able to speak out was so crucial. However the character of Abigail is able to successfully manipulate many of the characters, especially men, because of her beauty and sexuality that prevents them from seeing all of her lies and deceit: ââ¬Å"Where she walks the crowd will part like the sea for Israel.â⬠Additionally her absolute dictatorship over the court, even the powerful male figure of Judge Danforth, is evident when she begins to accuse women of witchcraft and immediately they are presumed guilty. This demonstrates that the hysteria and the witch trials reverse the gender roles ââ¬â even the men in society such as Hale and Proctor have no say in the accusations, it also highlights the manipulative power of women, as shown in Macbeth. In a recent adaptation of this drama, Abigail was constantly using her body language in a seductive manner in order to m anipulate characters such as Proctor to do as she says. Also the use of a dimmer lighting when the two characters were alone on stage added to the idea that she was using a romantic connection in order to deceive him. Although it is also mentioned that as soon as Proctor enters, Abigail ââ¬Å"has stood as though on tiptoe, absorbing his presence, wide-eyed,â⬠and Mary Warren ââ¬Å"can barely speak for embarrassment and fear.â⬠This indicates that although Miller portrays women as manipulative and flirtatious, they are ultimately far inferior to men, which endorses what society tells us. ââ¬Å"I dare do all that may become a man,â⬠says Macbeth. This signifies that he is suffering from internal conflicts, particularly the question of what it is to be a man in both his wives eyes and his own. The drama Macbeth comments on the stereotypical gender roles and the problems this can cause when people are forced to conform and struggle to accept the associated and perceived limitations. Through the contrast of characters relationships such as the Macbethââ¬â¢s and Macduffââ¬â¢s the audience is able to identify the different forms of gender that exist within society, and are left to interpret which they see as ideal. Shakespeare has discussed the idea of feminism, through Lady Macbeth, which suggests that he may have disagreed with societyââ¬â¢s treatment of women and indicates that he did not have much faith in traditional gender roles. His unique and questionable representation of gender has clearly been done in order to stimulate the audience. Similarly Art hur Miller, in The Crucible, is making comment on a society corrupted by expectations and pressure to maintain ones reputation. His message manifests itself in the characters of Abigail, John Proctor, and Judge Danforth as well in non-verbal elements such as body language. Although his characters tend to better represent stereotypes of the era, Miller still strays from the norm as he presents the sexuality of women as a manipulative tool. As discussed both of these dramas tell of gender; the principal source of segregation and marginalization. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-3288916080246252732020-05-16T17:39:00.001-07:002020-05-16T17:39:08.611-07:00The US Constitution Essay - 1425 Words The US Constitution states ââ¬Å"We The People of the United states in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for more common defense, promote the General Welfare, and secure the blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.â⬠The main purpose of the U.S Constitution is to establish the basic rights of all American Citizens. This follows that every United States Citizens have equal rights. Belonging to a minority group because of culture, religion or race does not assert that one is unconstitutional. In times of war, evacuation of minority groups only in NOT constitutional; however, evacuation of ALL Unitedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Mindful of the hardships during war times for all Americans, the Court implies that it is the responsibility of citizens to bear this burden, ââ¬Å"We uphold the exclusion order â⬠¦Not unmindful of the har dshipsâ⬠¦But hardships are part of war,â⬠¦the burden is always heavier.â⬠(Korematsu, 357). The hardship of one race seemed to outweigh that of another, no mention is made about the fact that the only race ordered to evacuate by reporting to Assembly Centers followed by indeterminate confinement to detention camps were Japanese Americans. The Supreme Court outlines that this case is about an exclusion order and not racial prejudice, ââ¬Å"Our task is simply, our duty clearâ⬠¦we are specifically dealing with nothing but an exclusion order. To cast this case into the outlines or racial prejudiceâ⬠¦merely confuses the issue.â⬠(Korematsu, 358) Korematsu was a loyal citizen of the U.S., his loyalty was never attested; nevertheless, he faced charges against him because he refused to obey an order which singled him out because of his ancestry. ââ¬Å"Guilt is personal and not inheritableâ⬠(Korematsu, 364). The military acted to protect the nation against e spionage and sabotage, they were acting in the interest of the nation and at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack time was limited, the loyal could not be segregated from the disloyal. During wartimes however the US Government needs to be mindful that this is a country made of vast cultures, races, religions and the US ConstitutionShow MoreRelatedThe Us Constitution995 Words à |à 4 PagesThe US Constitution is made up of three branches, The Legislative, The Executive and The Judicial, each having a part in the US Constitution. The Legislative Branch makes the law and consists of two houses that are the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Executive Branch enforces the law while the Judicial Branch interprets the laws. All branches were given important powers but not enough for one branch to dominate the other branches and the government, which can be supported, by the firstRead MoreThe Us Constitution1758 Words à |à 8 Pagesavailable, etc.). Be sure to integrate what you find with what you are learning in your text and other readings and supplement it with additional research. ALSO, as September 17th is Constitution Day, I want you to reflect on this and comment on it in your forums for this week. The preamble of the US Constitution directs the Federal Government to promote the general welfare....secure the blessings of liberty. ..and protect ourselves and our posterity. When thinking about our obligation toRead MoreThe Rartifiation of the Us Constitution1046 Words à |à 5 PagesQuestion: What were the major arguments used by each side (the supporters and the opponents) in the debates over the ratification of the U.S Constitution? In the year 1787, early America, officials and delegates came together to form a constitution that would restore the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was the attempt at creating a government for the newly independent America. 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The national government was on the threshold of bankruptcy, and paper currency printed by congress was devalued. Having not yet executed the Constitution, the United States of Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-7472472497199266872020-05-06T18:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:12:26.419-07:00Database Technology And Its Impact On Business Operations Introduction Database technology is one of the technologies that is every ware. We can say they almost permeate our lives: Banking, health care providers, libraries, online stores, beauty salons, travel agencies, phone companies, government agencies like FBI, INS, IRS, and NASA ââ¬â they all use databases.(needs paraphrasing). The question is why are the important? They allow data to be retained and shared electronically and the amount of data contained in these systems continues to grow at an exponential rate. And it allows the users to make critical decisions bases on these data. Considering the importance of data it is essential to secure it Companies success and failure depends o the data ââ¬Å"When hackers and malicious insiders gain access to sensitive data, they can quickly extract value, inflict damage, or impact business operationsâ⬠according to white paper. Therefor, it is also important to secure these data and insure integrity and availability. According to the Identity Theft Resource Center, the number of data breaches tracked increased more than doubled from 2014 to 2015. And the estimated cost of those breaches was raised about 6 percent over the past year. Hackers and crackers have attached many large databases to obtain secure information such as credit card information or personal information in these past years. As a result of the increase on database risk and threats itââ¬â¢s become virtual to have a strong database security. Furthermore, companies need to insureShow MoreRelatedInformation System Proposal1206 Words à |à 5 Pageschallenges 3 Internal operations and External operations 3 Information Technology Comparison chart 4 Technology and Information systems benefits and drawbacks 4 Bullets of successful strategy 5 References 6 Thriving as a small business in a competitive market calls for many ingenious strategies to remain afloat. As companies enter into the market they can become easily consumed, overwhelmed and sometimes unnoticeable. Opening business doors as a nostalgicRead MoreEssay on High Availability Database System1268 Words à |à 6 PagesHigh Availability Database System Today, we depend so heavily on information systems that system outage or loss of data is more and more intolerable. Sometimes the loss of critical data relates directly to the survivability of an enterprise. This draws our attention to the dependability of information system. 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The present system is not enough for their business operation and business growth is about to exceed the capacity of the database. 2) People First Pty Ltd need to business support system for resource, HR, accounting, marketing Etc. (e.g. ERP System). There is no reporting that a system produces for management to thoroughly review business operations. Therefore they need to business support system that monitoring to their business procedure. Read MoreHow Big Data Impact On Enterprise Data Governance And Security1726 Words à |à 7 PagesHow does Big Data impact on Enterprise Data Governance and Security Introduction: Big data is nothing but collecting of datasets. Organizations in current world demands data to be broken down which can used to get more high effectiveness and benefit. Big data refers to the large amounts of data which collected from various devices such as mobiles, sensors and social media etc. Generally, large amount of data have been regenerating by IT industry such as satellite data, mobile devices and etc. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-44182004840845903512020-05-05T22:47:00.001-07:002020-05-05T22:47:05.170-07:00Dhaka city Traffic Jam free essay sample Over the last few years the transportation problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Citizens constantly complain about the unbearable twin problems of traffic jam and air pollution. Democracy watch decided to address this problem through an opinion poll covering around eight hundred households randomly selected from several purposively selected neighbourhoods of the city, representatives of middle and lower income areas. The questions asked focused mainly on three issues: (a) the nature of the problem as perceived by the surveyed residents, (b) their understanding about the causes of these problems and (c) their recommendations on solutions to these perceived problems. Some preliminary results from this survey were presented at a workshop, which was participated by persons associated with the formulation and implementation of traffic policies, rules and programmes . This Draft Final Report benefits from valuable discussion and comments received at the workshop. The methodology of this survey is explained below in brief. It is easy to see that the study extended beyond a standard opinion poll and entered the arena of investigative research in seeking some explanations to perceptions as well as behaviour. The findings are presented mainly in the form of self-explanatory tables with some introductory highlights and conclusions. A further extension of the survey is currently being completed to cover the very poor and the rich categories of residents as was recommended by several participants at the workshop mentioned earlier. Reasons behind traffic jam (a)City lay-out (master plan) and over-population: The causes of traffic congestion in Dhaka city are multifarious. Starting from the city itself, it is observed that the skeleton, structure and lay-out of Dhaka City are not well-planned and well-directedâ⬠¦. Traffic Congestion In Dhaka City In todayââ¬â¢s world, the success of a city depends on its economy, which in turn is dependant on the infrastructure, among other things. The importance of the infrastructure can be particularly felt by the citizens of Dhaka in its traffic system, as its congestion reminds us of how important it is to have a good transport system. â⬠¢ We the citizens of Dhaka are suffering because our traffic system is failing us, as it is resulting in less efficiency in various fields, such as business. â⬠¢ Due to traffic congestion, our valuable times and energy are being wasted. â⬠¢ The problem of traffic congestion and uncontrolled vehicle emission make life miserable in Dhaka city causing threat to health. â⬠¢ Everyday work-hours are unnecessarily wasted due to traffic jam. It has a great economic impact on production and thus on our economy. â⬠¢ Traffic congestions intensify sufferings of commuters keeping people motionless as well as creating suffocating condition in the streets. Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 600,000 just like it! reasons of Traffic Congestion are mentioned below: 1. The minimum road requirement is 25% for a standard city, whereas Dhaka has only 7.à 5% road of its total area which is creating huge traffic. Moreover, if we look at the map of Dhaka city, the road connection of north and south is comparatively better than east and west which is causing people to take a longer route to travel. 2. The district truck and bus travel through heart of the capital city due to no bypass road. For example, a person who lives in Chittagong must enter Dhaka to reach Kushtia. 3. The Export Processing Zone (EPZ) which is established near Dhaka forces the vehicles to move from Savar to Dhaka to Chittagong. Our EPZ is oriented to bulk products like garments and it must be located near sea port. 4. Every day thousand of people are entering the city as our economic activity and administration like education, health sector are all Dhaka centered. There is no attempt for decentralization. 5. Bangladesh population growth isâ⬠¦ Thousands of pedestrians in Dhaka jaywalk every day, particularly during rush hours, risking their lives and the lives of motorists and sometimes with fatal consequences. Jaywalking has reached such an alarming state that fatalities are recorded almost every day. Pedestrians are often seen crossing the streets at places they are not supposed to while talking to each other or on mobile phones oblivious to things around them. Some seem to be unaware of the doctrine ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t run across the roadâ⬠. Jaywalking is so widespread that it has become almost a norm and motorists are often blamed for mishaps despite the fact that the pedestrian he or she hit was jaywalking. The fast Airport Road from Uttara to Mohakhali, Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shaheed Tajuddin Sarani (Tejgaon), and Mirpur Road are the ones where most fatal accidents to pedestrians happen. Largely, peopleââ¬â¢s tendency to flout traffic rules and lack of adequate facilities for pedestrians, illegal occupation of pavements by parked cars, shops, vendors and construction materials contribute to pedestrians use of the streets, said traffic experts. A journalist died at Bangla Motor intersection while crossing Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue in 2005. Dhaka University student Shammee Akhter Happy was run over by a speeding bus while crossing the Shahbagh intersection in 2005. Sultana Akhtar Sumi, a 20-year student of Narayanganj Art College, died on April 3, 2009, as she stepped on a livewire and fell from the under-construction footbridge near Shishu Park. According to Accident Research Institute at Buet, 380 deaths occur on the streets of Dhaka every year, and 75 percent are pedestrians. ââ¬Å"Lack of enforcement of law to free pedestriansââ¬â¢ facilities is the foremost reason why people go on jaywalking,â⬠said M Rahmatullah, former director (transport) of United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Absence of useful underpasses, footbridges and pavements force people into jaywalking, said Rahmatullah. On controlling jaywalking, Selim Md Jahangir, deputy commissioner (traffic west zone) of Dhaka Metropolitan Police, said it is practically impossible for the police to stop jaywalking because it is a massive problem with almost everyone having a tendency to break traffic laws. The volume of pedestrians compared to that of vehicles at certain places is many times higher and police have to control traffic, he said. Dhaka City Corporation, entrusted with providing facilities to pedestrians, has been turning a blind eye to pavements occupied by illegal structures, parked cars, makeshift shops and construction materials. The DCC has only 390 kilometres of pavements while it has 1,900 kilometres of roads, said DCC officials. Most of the 52 footbridges in the city remain unused for various reasons. The DCC has four underpasses: one each at Gulistan intersection, Gabtoli bus terminal, Syedabad (Dhalpur) and Karwan Bazar. Apart from the one at Syedabad, the rest are in a poor state. Nargis Chowdhury, a bank employee at Karwan Bazar and a resident of West Raza Bazar, said, ââ¬Å"I never feel encouraged to use the Karwan Bazar underpass as it is often dark and infested with beggars, vagabonds and is very filthy. â⬠Prof Jamilur Reza Chowdhury, noted civil engineer and transport expert, said a key reason behind jaywalking is that most of the city dwellers are rural people who migrated or are first-generation urban dwellers. Another reason is utterly unplanned footbridges that the pedestrians do not feel encouraged to use. Footbridges are not in a favourable state for the pedestrians to use. Some of them have been taken over by vendors, beggars and vagabonds, like the one at New Market, or they have human excreta on them. ââ¬Å"They are not user-friendly,â⬠he said. Provision for on-the-surface pedestrian crossings should also be there too. Peopleââ¬â¢s tendency is not to climb up a footbridge. Moreover, there are no required footbridges across many busy roads like Shaheed Tajuddin Sarani (Tejgaon), Gulshan Avenue, and at intersections like Shahbagh, Nabisco, and Mohakhali. Existing traffic signals are not pedestrian-friendly at all, according to those who research in the transport sector. Physically disabled, elderly people and children have no alternative but to use the footbridges. According Prof Nazrul Islam, an urban researcher, around half the city dwellers go to work on foot. Around 90 to 95 percent of the poor and people of the low-income group go to work on foot. Roughly, one crore people live in the DCC area of around 150 square kilometres. Prof Jubayer-bin-Alam of Civil Engineering Department of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (Buet) in a study on Sustainable Transport for Urban Poor found 12 of 20 lakh garment workers go to work on foot in the central part of the city. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, chairman of the parliamentary standing committee on the communications ministry, earlier admitted that many footbridges have been built without any proper planning. 3. 2 Reasons behind traffic jam The following reasons are responsible for traffic jam in Dhaka city- (a) City lay-out (master plan) and over-population: The causes of traffic congestion in Dhaka city are multifarious. Starting from the city itself, it is observed that the skeleton, structure and lay-out of Dhaka City are not well-planned and well-directed. Dhaka is also a highly populated city. More than one crore people live here and the figure is increasing day by day. This huge population acts as an auto-catalyst of traffic congestion in Dhaka City. (b) Inadequate and unplanned roads: Dhaka City has very inadequate road networks. For a standard city, where the minimum road requirement is 25%, Dhaka has only 7. 5% road of its total area. 30% of this 7. 5% road is also occupied by the hawkers, salesman and shopkeepers. A significant portion is occupied by construction materials and waste-containers of the City Corporation. As a result, vehicles do not get sufficient space to move on. Besides this, in most cases roads are serpentine rather than being straight. This ultimately breeds a number of unnecessary junctions where vehicles automatically slow down. Again, these roads are also not well constructed and regularly repaired. City Corporation, DESA, WASA, BTTB excavate the roads randomly without any integrated and central plan. Lack of proper maintenance causes the vehicle to stop without any prior notice. During the rainy season the situation becomes more critical while the roads go under water due to heavy rain.à (c) Heterogeneous vehicles and inadequate public transport: Dhaka is a city of heterogeneous vehicles. Human puller to latest model automobile, mechanical to non-mechanical, slow to fast-moving, nothing left on the road of Dhaka. It is quite difficult to control all these vehicles on the same road as they have different speed capacity. Besides this, public transport system in Dhaka city is not adequate and properly-routed. Instead of big and spacious buses, presence of large number of mini-buses and private vehicles can only contribute to carry few passengers, but not to reduction of traffic congestion. City transports also stop here and there without any valid reason. The three major bus stations, Sayedabad, Gabtoli and Mohakhali do not have sufficient capacity to accommodate all the buses operating from here. A recent addition to road blockage is the long queue of vehicles at CNG stations, which is really difficult to overcome. Challenges we face (a) People are not law abiding: At this stage, I am going to mention a few problems that we always face to address the traffic issues. Most important problem that we realize ââ¬Ëpeople are not law abiding, they do not want to follow traffic rulesââ¬â¢. Pedestrians show less interest to use footpath, foot-over-bridge or under-pass. Similarly, drivers neither try to maintain the speed nor follow the lane. In most cases, as the punishment is nominal, they tend to breach the rules again and again. (b) Inadequate logistics: Our traffic management system is not automated and well-equipped. All the junctions are not facilitated with signal lights. Where there are lights, most often those remain out of order. Moreover, uneven flow of vehicles from different directions reduces the effectivity of traffic signals. Besides, we do not have sufficient vehicles to chase a car or bus committed an accident. (b) Shortage of Manpower: We do not have sufficient and well-trained human resources. Four thousand officers work in two shifts- morning and afternoon. Due to administrative and other involvement, only fifteen hundred officers can be engaged in one shift to control the movement of millions of people and vehicles in Dhaka City. This figure is quite insufficient to manage the existing traffic scenario. Achievements of Traffic Division Now I am going to highlight a few of our achievements. We have already made most of the important roads free from non-mechanical vehicles especially rickshaw. You can understand very well, complete withdrawal of rickshaw is a very sensitive and delicate issue. Thousands of people are living their lives by pulling rickshaws, and also this is one of the popular communication means for low and mid-level income group people. However, following the existing rules, and time to time government instructions, we have conducted several operations against illegal rickshaws and filed a number of cases. We have introduced one way vehicle movement strategy in different areas. This has given much better result. We are taking strict legal action against violators of traffic rules. Last year we filed 4 lakh 88 thousand cases and realized 16 crore 50 lakh taka as fine. We have arranged several strategic and motivational meetings with government and transport agencies and finally succeeded to control the movement of truck and other long-route vehicles. Now trucks and long-route buses can enter city only after 10 oââ¬â¢clock at night. We have also conducted special operation against model-out vehicles and the number has reduced significantly. Removal of baby taxi is a notable example. Recommendations However, it is understandable that resolving the problem of traffic jam in Dhaka city is not possible within a short time. It needs both short-term and long-term strategies. Short-term strategies may include re-adjusting the school and office time keeping at least one hour difference, re-routing the public transport, reducing and replacing private transport with convenient and cheaper public transport, fixing different fare for rush and non-rush hour and finally keeping the foot-ways free from hawkers and shopkeepers. Long-term strategies, on the other hand, may be constructing long flyover from one end to another end of city, introducing underground rail service, undertaking co-ordinated and integrated strategies among different agencies working for city development, replacing rickshaws by assuring proper rehabilitation of rickshaw-pullers, constructing under-pass and foot-over-bridge in different important junctions and finally decentralizing the city itself. To reduce traffic congestion in Dhaka City, the most vital prerequisite that I feel, is the development of public consciousness. Unless and until we change our perception and develop a mind to abide traffic rules, whatever strategy we take, that will not work properly. I believe, our law-abiding consciousness, good-intention and sincere co-operation can remarkably reduce traffic jam in Dhaka city. These were all from me. At this stage, I would like to invite questions from you. I believe, your participation will make the session more enjoyable and will definitely enrich my understanding and knowledge. Again, I would like to take the honour to extend my cordial thanks and appreciation to the authority of ââ¬ËAmerican Chamber of Commerce in Bangladeshââ¬â¢ for inviting me here in this scholarly gathering. I do believe, todayââ¬â¢s ceremony is a shiny reflection of better friendship and relationship between Bangladesh and US government. I hope and expect, in future, this relationship will bring more fruitful and beneficial results for both the countries. Traffic Management Expected questions (Arguments) 1. Rickshaw -Complexities in withdrawal of rickshaw (a) Huge employment (b) Vehicles for low income and mid level income group people (c) Environment friendly (pollution free) (d) No fuel consumption recommendation (a) Withdrawal of rickshaw phase by phase (b) At present may be allowed in pocket roads 3. Deployment of Army reduces traffic Jam (e) Situation sustains for short time (f) Jam shifts from one place to another (g) Number of manpower increases 4. Cantonment -Traffic Scenario is better (a) Limited vehicles run (b) Most of the people are disciplined as they are military representative 5. Limitations -Police face (a) Manually operated (b) Not equipped with advanced technology (c) Not well trained human resources (d) Most cases Constable does not have arresting power (Sergeant required) (e) Nominal fine (f) (f) do not have vehicles to chase car or buses Achievements of traffic division (a) Roads are free from human puller (b) One way roads (c) Controlled movement of trucks and long-route buses (d) Cases filed ââ¬â 4 lakh 88 thousand (Year 2007) (e) Revenue earned ââ¬â 16 crore 50 lakh ( Year 2007 ) 7. Areas to emphasize We need integrated and holistic approach (a) Traffic Education (for mass people) (b) Traffic Engineering (infrastructure) (c) Traffic Enforcement (by police) (d) Traffic Environment (participation of all) 8. Punishment given ââ¬â 300 officers (2007) From Northern part of Dhaka, main business district Motijheel is about 25 kilometers. If a car moves at the speed of 60 KM per hour, one should reach Motijheel in 25 minutes. If at 30 KM per hour, even than people should reach in 1 hour maximum. But it is a common scenario in Dhaka that to reach from Northern part to the main business district during rush hours one needs more than 2 hours at least. Sometimes it is even 4 hours. During all governments in the recent years, it has been a public demand that government should take steps to ease Dhaka traffic congestion. To ease traffic congestion, during the last BNP government [2001-2006] two FLYOVERS has been constructed in Dhaka. One at Banani and the other at Khilgaon area of the city. Adding of two flyovers doesnââ¬â¢t seem to have done much in easing traffic congestion. Government has to think of other substitutes. Already government has declared building of circular river ways centering Dhaka. During the rule of BNP government a circular river way was made. But because of poor maintenance and improper management, the venture didnââ¬â¢t work. Massive renovation work is required to put the things back in shape. The concerned minister has already taken initiative to restore the river ways around Dhaka. Once it was believed that main reason for Dhaka Traffic Congestion is slow moving Rickshaws. But, now a day almost all the main avenues of Dhaka are free from Rickshaws. Except for a few main avenues and inner lanes, Dhaka is free from Rickshaws. Removing of Rickshaws certainly has been beneficial in doing something, e. g.à , if Dhaka still had Rickshaws plying on the main roads along with the fast moving vehicles, Dhaka would completely paralyze. Expansion of commuter train service connecting Dhaka and adjacent districts in order to reduce pressure of traffic in the capital is under active consideration of the government. The government has a plan to introduce more commuter trains connecting Dhaka with its adjacent districts to free th e capital from traffic congestion. One problem still remains, as some of the Rail-Ways pass through one of the busiest roads in Dhaka, when Trains pass; obstruction has to be created to avoid collision. According to experts that creates congestion not only near the Rail Gates but in the whole city. There is a substitute method in resolving traffic congestion. Many experts believe that there should be no rail roads within the city. These roads which belong to the Rail Ways can be transformed into ONE WAY EXPRESS WAY with FLYOVERS or UNDERPASSES where it meets the existing roads. Uttara Model Town is located in the Northern end of the Metropolitan Dhaka. There is already a Railway station quite adjacent to Uttara. According to many, Trains coming from other districts, should not be allowed to go within the city. Because it hampers the flow of other vehicles. There was a time when Dhaka International Airport was within the city. When the airport was shifted from the main city to the present location, people thought it was needless. But now, need to shift even the present airport to a far-away place is under active consideration. Same way, in case of the Railway Station, the main station is located in the busiest area of the city, Kamalapur. Kamalapur Railway Station was built in the sixties. The railway minister put emphasis on improving the railway system as train fares is cheaper and the service comfortable compared to other modes of transport. But it should be also considered that if more trains run, more of traffic congestion will surely be created as it will interrupt other vehicles to flow smoothly! Men have stepped on the moon. Now they are going from one place to another with few hours. But the citizens of Dhaka(sometimes) can not reach to Gulistan Jatrabari from Mohakhali or Farmgate within few hours. Who is responsible for this? Traffic Jam is that magician. Traffic jam has become a great monster in our modern life. Traffic jam has turned daily trips into nightmares. The business community inevitably suffers for the constant waste of its most precious resource of time. Others commuters complain of being stuck in jam for hours an end, while residents breathe in a lat more lead and almost 10 percent of its population seeks medical treatment each year for air pollution related respiratory illnesses. I. Drivers donââ¬â¢t comply with traffic rules. II. Allegations of police support to makeshift shops on footpaths and street sidelines and illegal automobile and rickshaw parking, which occupy more than a third of the streets. III. Some police officers are busy for extracting money for allowing illegal parking. IV. Lack of automatic traffic signals, slow-moving illegal rickshaws and rail crossings are also causing serious traffic jam. Many roads of Dhaka city are not spacious according to the necessity. As aresult, traffic jam occurs very now and then in the congested areas even of the highways. Overtaking tendency is another reason which causes traffic jam. Moreover, our traffic system is not so modern and the number of traffic police is insufficient. It is a matter of shame that some so-called politicians.à , student leaders and selfish persons also create traffic jam in order to fulfill their evil desires Rickshaws also reate traffic jam. Traffic jam stops our normal course of life. At office time it is painful to mention that the foreigners hesitate to invest in our country for traffic jam. It is very shameful for us. In this way it defames our prestige to the foreigners. Above all traffic jam always poll utes our environment. Obnoxious smell emits form standing vehicles. The following remedial measures can be adopted for eliminating the traffic jam: I. Stricter laws need to be enforced to maintain discipline. II. The number of mobile courts and checkpoints should be increased III. Harsh punishment must be imposed on those law enforcing members who does not carry out their duty. IV. The signal post should be constructed as early as possible. V. The awareness campaign should be launched which will feature community level meetings, opinion pools, roadside banners, leaflets and posters, mass media advertisement and public announcement to build awareness about making road free from rickshaws. VI. Rickshaws should be banned from the roads such as Rokeya Sarani-Mirpur 10-Farmgate, Pragati Sarani-Baridhara-Badda-Mouchak,New Eskaton Road-Banglamotor-Mouchak-Rafarbagh Crossing and Techical crossing-Mirpur-1-Mipur 2 and Azimpur to Tikatauli, Purana Purana Paltan to Sodarghat via North-South road also. VII. According to Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), 77,000 rickshaws and 10,000 vans are registered but about three lakh rickshaws ply the streets. So the authorities need to evict illegal rickshaws. So if we donââ¬â¢t be aware and the authority donââ¬â¢t take the remedial measures to eliminate the Traffic Jam in Dhaka city the situation will turn even more difficult with the illegal automobile and rickshaws parking 22-mile traffic jam on Interstate 10 A pavement rehab project that was to be finished by Sunday morning, Feb. 12, went beyond its deadline and caused a 22-mile traffic jam on Interstate 10 by noon, and caused one of the regionââ¬â¢s members of Congress to complain to the federal government about the traffic snarl. ââ¬â 6 hours ago Toll plaza jam takes toll on heart patient A traffic jam at the toll plaza located at Shahjahanpur village of Alwar district that lasted for almost an hour proved fatal for a 38-year-old man who was on his way to Jaipur following a heart attack. ââ¬â 33 hours ago Traffic jam leads to gun incident in Maumelle Maumelle police responded to a Maumelle woman who said another woman pulled a gun on her after they were stopped in a traffic jam on Interstate 40. ââ¬â 28 hours ago The Answer To Jakartaââ¬â¢s Traffic Jam? When I recall all those futuristic TV series such as ââ¬Å"The Jetsonsâ⬠or the movies such as ââ¬Å"The Fifth Elementâ⬠(Milla Jovovich was hot!à ) and ââ¬Å"Back To The Future 2? , nearly everybody drives personal aircraft. Posting lengkap dapat ditemukan di: http://politikana. com/baca/2010/09/29/the-answer-to-jakarta-s-traffic-jam. html ââ¬â 8 days ago Traffic jam brewing for Astros on the infield The Astros have a traffic jam approaching on the infield. At least eight players are vying for six infield spots and another ââ¬â Rule 5 draftee Marwin Gonzalez ââ¬â must be kept on the roster for the full season or be offered back to Boston. The competition may be more difficult on the corners, where five players are duking it out for first and third base positions.à ââ¬â 12 days ago Students block Montreal bridge to protest tuition hikes; traffic chaos ensues MONTREAL ââ¬â Student protesters triggered a monster traffic jam in Montreal by blocking off access to a bridge this morning. ââ¬â 9 days ago Transportation Bill Hits Traffic Jam You can add transportation to the long list of issues hitting a roadblock in Washington. Funding for New Hampshireââ¬â¢s I-93 expansion may get s tuck in the beltway traffic jam. ââ¬â 36 hours ago Repair work causes U. S. 190 bottleneck south of Covington A lane closure on U. S.à 190 southbound, south of Covington, has caused a substantial traffic jam Thursday afternoon. Ron Thibodeaux, The Times-PicayuneTraffic has backed up on southbound U. S. 190 south of Covington Southbound traffic backed up two to threeâ⬠¦ ââ¬â 15 hours ago VDOT to fine contractor over I-95 traffic jam ââ¬â Richmond Times Dispatch VDOT to fine contractor over I-95 traffic jam Richmond Times Dispatch VDOT will fine the contractor on the Interstate 95 bridges project for creating a traffic jam during Thursday morningââ¬â¢s rush hour in Richmond. The Virginia Department of Transportation said it intends to penalize Archer Western Contractors $13000 to â⬠¦ and more à » ââ¬â 7 hours ago Traffic jams waste 1. 9 billion gallons of gas per year ââ¬â New York Daily News New York Daily News Traffic jams waste 1. 9 billion gallons of gas per year New York Daily News By Josh Max / NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Vehicles sit in a traffic jam on the northbound Garden State Parkway Friday, Aug.à 26, 2011, near Ocean View, NJ No matter how many miles your vehicle gets to the gallon when itââ¬â¢s moving, its mileage when itââ¬â¢s stalled â⬠¦ and more à » ââ¬â 2 days ago Traffic Heavy in Parts of Jakarta, Quiet in Others ââ¬â Jakarta Globe Jakarta Globe Traffic Heavy in Parts of Jakarta, Quiet in Others Jakarta Globe (Antara Photo) Traffic congestion was reported in a number of areas in Jakarta and on toll roads leading to the capital on Friday, as thousands of anti-fuel hike protesters gathered at the House of Repres entatives in West Jakarta, with thousands of â⬠¦ ââ¬â 4 hours ago RM 620 congestion bad, but maybe not enough to pursue fixes ââ¬â Austin American-Statesman Austin American-Statesman RM 620 congestion bad, but maybe not enough to pursue fixes Austin American-Statesman Traffic on RM 620 piles up during the Thursday afternoon rush hour northeast of Anderson Mill Road. The volume of vehicles traveling the 18. 5 miles between US 183 in Northwest Austin and US 71 in Bee Cave has tripled in some sections since 1990. ââ¬â 7 hours ago Toll plaza jam takes toll on heart patient ââ¬â Times of India Toll plaza jam takes toll on heart patient Times of India ALWAR: A traffic jam at the toll plaza located at Shahjahanpur village of Alwar district that lasted for almost an hour proved fatal for a 38-year-old man who was on his way to Jaipur following a heart attack. Due to the traffic jam at the toll plaza, â⬠¦ and more à » ââ¬â 34 hours ago Heavy wind causes major traffic jam and property damage ââ¬â Fox 13 Now ââ¬â Salt Lake City Fox 13 Now ââ¬â Salt Lake City Heavy wind causes major traffic jam and property damage Fox 13 Now ââ¬â Salt Lake City A semi-trailer tipped over and blocked traffic on southbound Interstate 15 near the Point of the Mountain around 8:00 am The accident created a traffic jam that stretched around the point and into southern Salt Lake County. Traffic was diverted into â⬠¦ and more à » ââ¬â 2 days ago ââ¬ËBumper-to-Bumper Traffic at 90 Miles an Hourââ¬â¢, Ragan Enjoys Challenge of â⬠¦ ââ¬â WhoWon. com ââ¬ËBumper-to-Bumper Traffic at 90 Miles an Hourââ¬â¢, Ragan Enjoys Challenge of â⬠¦ WhoWon. com STATESVILLE, NC ââ¬â No one enjoys being in a traffic jam, but David Ragan canââ¬â¢t wait to get into the bumper-to-bumper traffic of Martinsville (Va. ) Speedway. Sundayââ¬â¢s Goodyââ¬â¢s Fast Relief 500 will return Ragan to one of his favorite tracks ââ¬â the â⬠¦ and more à » ââ¬â 41 hours ago When you first step foot in the capital city, Dhaka of Bangladesh, the first thing you will notice is the intense traffic jam. Dhaka is facing one of the major problems that is already being faced by other big cities in the world, more vehicle than the amount of the roads. Therefore, as a result, traffic jams are increasing day by day and it is becoming one of the most intolerable factors of the country. Since Bangladesh is a small country, the capital city is considered as one of the biggest one. It has roads as much wide as it was needed and wherever needed. But, in the recent times, there has been a significant increase in the number of vehicles of the city. With the other reasons as well, the whole problem is becoming one of the biggest ones of the country. The main problems identified for the traffic jams are: Increase in the number of vehicles Poor traffic management system Rickshaws Illegal parking Scarcity of parking spots Tendency to break the traffic law The increased number of vehicles is an alarming factor for the country. A recent statistics shows that each day, Dhaka city gets 2000 new vehicles. For these purposes, neither did Bangladesh government plan ahead, nor they are taking any significant measures now-a-days. As a result, more and more traffic jam is making the lives of normal people a living hell. Traffic management system of Bangladesh is still the ones that were used to be in the 80s. Therefore, the new methods of traffic management is not being applied properly. Rickshaws, however, are identified as one of the most common reason for traffic jams. The number of rickshaws is very much high and they donââ¬â¢t maintain any law whatsoever. However, you cannot eradicate them off the street either because they are one of the best ways of communication and the greenest vehicle you may find. Parkings in the country is horrible because there isnââ¬â¢t enough space for parking. Most of the buildings of the country thought of having room for their works inside their buildings b Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-79644978621386626802020-04-18T01:47:00.001-07:002020-04-18T01:47:03.104-07:00Social Darwinism The Best Approach Essay Sample free essay sample During and after the Gilded Age. because of the great alterations of Industrialization. the American governmentââ¬â¢s engagement in modulating the concern universe was a hotbed of controversial argument. Some felt that the manner to accomplish greater economic and societal growing and to repair societyââ¬â¢s jobs was through Social Darwinism and Individualism. Social Darwinism was a theory. that what a adult male worked for was all he deserved to have. and that no 1 should give assistance to anyone. because they mustââ¬â¢ve non worked every bit difficult as they should hold. Individualism was basically the same thought that any adult male could lift from whatever beginnings they were born to. to every bit high as he wanted if he worked and utilized his capablenesss and strength of will to the uttermost. In contrast others felt that the authorities and the wealthy should be more involved in modulating the economic system and assisting the hapless and destitute out. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Darwinism: The Best Approach Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They felt that while America had become an industrial giant with the bend of the century. her ethical motives and human values had been left in the old century. Big concern proprietors and authorities functionaries had abandoned all values. existent or imagined for self-profit. Walt Whitman. a poet who invariably had sung the congratulationss of Americaââ¬â¢s democracy. civilization. and strength. now wondered whether her mercenary chases had made her have a ââ¬Å"hollowness of bosom ( R. D. Heffner. A. Heffner. 220-221 ) . â⬠By traveling through the beginnings of these two positions. and the grounds of who profited from the thoughts. Social Darwinism will be shown non to hold been the best route for the United States authorities to take in regard to the economic system in specific and the citizens of the state. The Gilded Age was an epoch that extended from the late 1870ââ¬â¢s to the late 1890ââ¬Ës. The term Gilded Age came from a book by Mark Twain and Charles Warner. entitled The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. The writers were subtly seeking to state the populace that although the new inventions the epoch had brought shone and sparkled like gold. beneath the innovations. industrialisation. and economic growing. poorness. offense and great category distinction festered. During the epoch of the Gilded Age. the United Statesââ¬â¢ attack to the so mostly lasseiz-faire economic system was a subject of great argument in the state ( Appleby et al. 458 ) . The concentration of wealth in the United States was clustered at the really point of the societal pyramid. In early 1900ââ¬â¢s. there were about 30 billionaires in the United States. Rockefeller. Carnegie. Frick. Ford. and an array of railway builders and moneymans topped the list. The degree of category inequality was so great that the labourers had a really. really weak bargaining point. There were non that many other topographic points to work. and so the employers were able to put low rewards and insecure working conditions with no fright of resistance. Strikes were either broken up by force or ignored. and new workers took the topographic point of the old rebellious 1s ( Heffner. 219 ) . Many of the large concerns did non utilize just concern tactics. Rockefellerââ¬â¢s Standard Oil Trust finagled the Railway companies into giving him discounts on transportation costs. out of consideration of his sheer cargo majority. He freighted ( below the belt ) for much less than the little concerns. Most of the large concerns besides sought to do some kind of monopoly over their country of trade. Whether perpendicular ( All the Fieldss involved with the concern ) or horizontal ( All of a certain concern ) monopolies. they got the whole field under their control. coercing the other rivals out of concern with below unjust monetary values. Other large companies used incorrect or even harmful steps to increase their net income borders. The meat field for one did non waver at utilizing rancid and decomposing meat in their merchandises to salvage money. For their land meat they used spoiled meat they could non sell. offal and even rat meat. Unfortunate worlds who fell into the mammoth bombers were assorted in excessively. Upton Sinclair. a journalist. wrote the fabricated book The Jungle. to convey this freak into the publicââ¬â¢s oculus. Another journalist named Samuel Hopkins Adams published a series of articles depicting what went into the medical specialties and pharmaceuticals people bought. Many of the so called medical specialties were simply flavored or colored H2O that the companies claimed would bring around a assortment of ailments. Others were contained substances such as caffeine. intoxicant. or even opium. Consumers had no thought if the medical specialties would be harmful to their wellness or good. Nor did they acquire any confidences that the medical specialty would work as claimed. No authorities section was in charge of doing certain there was no false advertisement. The American people read these literary plants and rebelled against the disgusting methods companies were utilizing to do money. Many readers even became vegetarians ( Appleby et al. 530 ) . President Roosevelt and the Congress responded to the public indignation with the passing of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 ( Axelrod. 224-225 ) . But inequality and the one sided power battle did non intend that the common workers were wholly exempt from the wagess of industrial advancement. The growing of the United States economic system meant benefits for each category. Many Americans were much better off in the Gilded Age than they had been earlier. Urban workers in peculiar. had a huge betterment in the quality of life over the class of the Gilded Age. Government was little at about all degrees. so revenue enhancements were highly low. Most of the affluent people for illustration. paid 1 % of their income in revenue enhancements. Most peopleââ¬â¢s life style improved as a consequence of electricity. plumbing. and good nutrient were cheaper to obtain. However. for those who did non or could non work. life was really tough. There was no authorities intercession in the like of public assistance or nutrient casts. Nor any type of life insurance for those who were injured in work. or who merely could neer vie with other. mo re qualified workers ( Krugman. 19-20 ) . These were the people for whom the Gilded Age was genuinely simply aureate and non gold. This clip period was when the thought of individuality began to derive widespread popularity. This thought was that any adult male could lift from whatever beginnings he was born into. to every bit high as he wanted if he worked and utilized his capablenesss and strength of will to the uttermost. This wholly American belief which we continue to keep until today. led to reaching of one of the theories people wanted the authorities to follow towards the economic system. Social Darwinism. This construct was adapted by Herbert Spencer from Charles Darwinââ¬â¢s book. On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection. on development. Darwin claimed that life on Earth had evolved through a procedure he dubbed natural choice. Speciess that adapt to alterations in their environment become strong and unrecorded on. and species who can non accommodate. merely die out over clip. Spencer took this thought and adapted it to human society. He claimed that human society developed by the sam e regulation. So what happens if persons or the authorities interferes and helps the lower. inadaptable 1s? The human species will weaken. He called it. ââ¬ËSurvival of the fittestââ¬â¢ . This became the catch phrase of Spencer and his group of followings. who were called the Social Darwinists ( Appleby et al. 459-461 ) . One of Spencerââ¬â¢s followings. William Graham Sumner. said that. ââ¬Å"Society does non owe any work forces a livingâ⬠¦ The fact that a adult male is here is no demand upon other people that they shall maintain him alive and sustain himâ⬠¦ if he fights it with the same energy and endeavor and accomplishment and industry as any other adult male. I can non conceive of his failingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ He felt that the authorities would hold to assist everyone if they helped merely a choice few. It wouldnââ¬â¢t be executable. Work forces have to work hard to win and itââ¬â¢s no oneââ¬â¢s duty but their ain. because no 1 owes them anything. If one does his ain work. and tries his hardest. he can non neglect ( Appleby et al. 465 ) . Not surprisingly. large industrialists heartily embraced this impression. as it was really similar to the thought of laissez-faire. a authorities intercession free economic system that they wanted to maintain. John D. Rockefeller. proprietor of the immense Standard Oil Trust. said that the growing of tremendous concerns like his ain were ââ¬Å"merely the working out of the jurisprudence of natureâ⬠( Appleby et al. 459 ) . These thoughts had footing in fact. They went back over a hundred old ages to Adam Smith in 1776. when he wrote The Wealth of Nations. He claimed in his book. that states would thrive if they let their economic systems run with no intercession. simply operate on the natural Torahs of supply and demand. Business proprietors would seek to turn out the largest sum of goods and services at the lowest monetary values. and competition would maintain the economic system traveling. ââ¬Å"The unseeable manus of self-interestâ⬠would maintain the concerns headed in the way of community service. This ââ¬Ëhandââ¬â¢ was the chase of net incomes ( Harris and Antel. 456 ) . To most people in the Gilded Age. this type of economic system seemed to be working. as the Social Darwinism ; individualistic economic system had clearly prospered for both employer and employee. though non proportionately. Businesss were dining and the quality and criterion of life was bettering. But while this was in kernel true. it did non include those luckless plenty non to hold a occupation in the flourishing large concerns. The bulk of people lived a manus to talk being. in crunching poorness. The urban worker saw a rise in his net incomes and his quality of life but non so for the rural population ( Krugman. 19-20 ) . The future beyond what most people could see right so was non as rose-colored. The concerns were acquiring bigger and bigger. and while there still was a infinitesimal spot of competition shortly at that place would non be. and there would be lone monopolies. This would do monetary values and quality to be at the caprice of the monopolies. because the inducement to maintain people as consumers would travel off. There would be nowhere else for the consumers to travel ( R. D. Heffner. A. Heffner. 222 ) . As Social Darwinism became more and more outstanding in treatments of the governmentââ¬â¢s attack to the economic system and large concerns. new theories sprang up in resistance of this construct. Andrew Carnegie. was an industrialist like Rockefeller. who ran a colossal steel company ( Appleby et al. 459 ) . However. Carnegie had a instead different position on the subject of Social Darwinism. He felt that Social Darwinism was excessively rough. He advocated a construct he called the Gospel of Wealth. This doctrine held that affluent people should non merely concentrate on themselves and on wining. but should besides believe of the other less fortunate people. ââ¬Å"In confering charity. the chief consideration should be to assist those who will assist themselvesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å" This meant that affluent people should non merely give charity. but they should utilize their wealth to assist those in demand. by doing them able to assist themselves. They should construct schools. infirmaries and museums. Rich people should supply chances for the hapless to better themselves both culturally and educationally. He said. ââ¬Å"The adult male who dies rich. dies shamed. ââ¬Å" Carnegie himself built libraries across the state. Others who followed his lead. besides started major philanthropic plants by opening the Salvation Army. the YMCA and other charity organisations ( Appleby et al. 466 ) . A fillip to his theory of Social Gospel was that Carnegie influenced many of the other so called ââ¬Ërobber baronsââ¬â¢ to make the same. Rockefeller himself. one of the greatest of the unjust concern tactic users. created the Rockefeller Institute of M edical Research and established the Rockefeller Foundation ( Axelrod. 213 ) . Another large theory about poorness was published in a book called. Advancement and Poverty. by a journalist named Henry George in 1879. It chiefly discusses all the points of the national argument traveling on throughout the state about authorities intercession in the economic system. in the Gilded Age. In the book. George says. ââ¬Å"The present century has been marked by a colossal addition in wealth bring forthing powerâ⬠; this he continues should hold established poorness as. ââ¬Å"a thing of the yesteryear. â⬠Alternatively it has made the ââ¬Å"gulf between the employed and the employers turning wider ; societal contrasts are going cardsharp. â⬠In contrast to what the Social Darwinists said. George explains that the individualistic economic system is doing societyââ¬â¢s jobs worse ( Appleby et al. 465 ) . To battle the theories of Social Darwinism and its like. in 1883. Lester Frank Ward published the book. Dynamic Sociology. In his book. Frank argues against the construct of Social Darwinism by stating that worlds do non follow the same forms as animate beings. because we can be after to make the hereafter we desire. His thoughts came to be known as Reform Darwinism. He alleged that cooperation between people was the key to success and competition ruined it. Government should modulate the economic system ; promote instruction and halt poorness. instead than merely allowing things happen as they will ( Appleby et al. 465 ) . Criticism of Social Darwinism appeared in literature excessively. in a new manner called naturalism. They challenged the thought that adult male can alter his destiny by stating that sometimes fortunes and coincidence. life makes a adult male fail through no mistake of his ain. An illustration of an writer who used naturalism in his plant was Jack London. He wrote many books of manââ¬â¢s weakness in the face of natureââ¬â¢s might. turn outing that adult male can non truly alter his ain destiny ( Appleby et al. 46 ) . There were many Americans across the state who were pro authorities intercession in concern. and against large concerns monopolising the economic system. Small concern proprietors and husbandmans had become particularly incensed at the large businessââ¬â¢ and railway companies. The large concerns shipped such big sums of goods that they were able to acquire unjust discounts and lower transportation costs from the railway companies. while those smaller concerns p aid much higher rates. The Federal authorities did non reply these concerns for a long clip. Both of the political parties believed that large concerns had the same belongings rights as persons. So. many province authoritiess began go throughing Torahs modulating railway rates in their position. But in 1886. the Supreme Court ruled in the instance of Wabash. St. Louis. and Pacific Railroad V. Illinois. that merely the federal authorities could modulate interstate commercialism and provinces could non modulate railway rates between provinces ( Appleby et al. 463 ) . There were many felons during this period that the American populace made heroes of urban fables. dime novels. and ulterior films and telecasting. One of the violators put on a base like this was Jesse James. a stealer and phase manager brigand. Why did the American populace non abhor these stealers and slayers. but really adored them? Because their victims were large companies like the railway companies and large Bankss. who took the common manââ¬â¢s money to stash in their vaults. The public saw those establishments as 1s who daily robbed the public anyways. The existent victims were people who were non lucky plenty to hold been born a Rockefeller or his equal. In the point of view of that clip. the large companies were like the Sheriff of Nottingham. while the criminals were Robin Hoods. The authorities was considered merely every bit bad as the large concerns. It passed Torahs merely to gain the rich. while the common adult male got nil. To sum up the large businessââ¬â¢s s entiment of the general population. William H. Vanderbilt. a railway baron. infamously said. ââ¬Å"The public be [ blasted ] . â⬠He was stating that we will make what we want. the common adult male does non count ( Axelrod. 210-211 ) . In 1887. public force per unit area forced Congress into action to seek and rectify the large concerns control over the free market and their slack manner of handling the single consumer. President Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act. This act created the Interstate Commerce Commission ( ICC ) . This was the first federal jurisprudence to seek and modulate trade and concern. It limited railway companyââ¬â¢s rates to ââ¬Å"reasonable and justâ⬠monetary values. It forbade companies to give discounts to high volume users and made it illegal to bear down higher rates for shorter draw. It was non truly effectual because it had to trust on tribunals to implement its opinions. Another jurisprudence passed by Congress to seek and cut down the control of large concerns over the economic field was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890. It was created to seek and modulate trusts in concerns. It prohibited ââ¬Å"any combinationâ⬠¦ or confederacy in restraint of trade or commercialism among several statesâ⬠. It didnââ¬â¢t work for a few grounds ; it was excessively mistily worded. it was ill enforced and it was weakened by judicial reading. The Supreme Court ruled that it did non use to fabrication. because fabrication was non interstate. It had really small existent impact on concerns. it was more important for set uping a case in point ( like the ICC ) than it was for being effectual ( Appleby et al. 464 ) . So in 1914. President Woodrow Wilson created the Federal Trade Commission ( FTC ) . to supervise American concerns. Unlike the ICC they could really carry through some of their purposes because they could look into companies and order them to ââ¬Å"cease and desistâ⬠if they were prosecuting in unjust concern tactics. such as discounts. Congress besides passed the Clayton Anti-Trust Act. It outlawed some patterns that hurt competition. It banned restrictive sale and monetary value favoritism. This act clarified some of the issues and give voicing that the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was excessively obscure upon ( Appleby et al. 539 ) . In todayââ¬â¢s modern twenty-four hours society. Social Darwinism is really much non in consequence. The authorities non merely has strict control over large concerns in the affair of trusts. pools and the similar. but it besides has legion plans to assist the unfortunate and needy. Welfare. societal security. and nutrient casts are merely some of the plans that are set up to halt any one from traveling hungry. In a manner though. it is really somewhat darwinistic. If you want to acquire these free benefits. you have to travel out at that place and assist yourself. Bibliography Appleby. Brinkely. Broussard. McPherson. Ritchie and National Geographic. The American Vision. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. . 2010. Axelrod. Alan. The Complete Idiotââ¬â¢s Guide to American History. New York: Penguin Group ( USA ) . Inc. . 2006. Walter Harris. and Gerson Antell. Economicss: Institutions and Analysis. New York: Amsco School. 2005 Publications. Inc. Heffner. Richard D. Heffner and Alexander. A Documentary History of the United States. New York: New American Library. a division of Penguin Group ( USA ) . Inc. . 2009.Krugman. Paul. The Conscience of a Liberal. New York: W. W. Norton and Company Inc. . 2007. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-74927588300146816842020-03-14T04:59:00.001-07:002020-03-14T04:59:02.904-07:00Research Essay Essay ExampleResearch Essay Essay Example Research Essay Essay Research Essay Essay Essay Topic: The Glass Menagerie ââ¬Å"Reading is neither neutral, nor natural. â⬠How does your context as a reader influence your reading of The Dreamers? Reading is neither neutral, nor natural. Readers are constantly positioned to make their own ideas and opinions of different texts based on their own understand and connecting of their personal context. In Jack Davisââ¬â¢ The Dreamers the descriptions of the tribal family in the first scene provide a strong, central reading that while I would accept, the earlier generations from those times would challenge the mutual reading of the harmonious tribal family. The different generations of past and present times would also have many contrasting views on particular characters such as Worru. Additionally, the study of past texts, such as The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and Coonardoo by Katherine Suzanne Prichard, allows me to comprehend the meaning behind the symbol of alcohol in The Dreamers and how it is a representation of escapism for people in degrading ways of society. In the beginning of The Dreamers by Jack Davis, we are described a scene of a tribal family walking, relaxed, across an escarpment with children happily singing songs of cultural meaning, relaying their innocence and happy family-based futures: ââ¬Å"Dawn. We hear the distant echoing of children singing a tribal song. A tribal family walks slowly across the escarpment silhouetted against the first light of dawn. The central, prominent reading brought forward by Davisââ¬â¢ descriptions and symbolism of the melodious, peaceful tribal family is one I accept because of Davisââ¬â¢ way of showing the harmonious nature of the aboriginal culture and way in their environment, in the world they know. However, the white generations of the 1980s would contrast and challenge this communal reading because of their own racial attitudes and beliefs of Aboriginals. To the whites of the 1980s, Aboriginals were filthy and worthless individuals and therefore the white society audiences were unable to cope with and respect the cultural identity and way of life of Aboriginals. These confrontational views of The Dreamers show how reading is not neutral. Every generation is different, therefore they all respond to particular readings inversely due to their own personal context. This reinforces that reading is not neutral. Worru is a character in The Dreamers who is exceedingly diverse from the members of his family. Worru is the representation of Davisââ¬â¢ views of his own complicated culture and aboriginal context. Worru is desperately trying to hold onto his Nyoongah (aboriginal) culture that within him has ââ¬Ësurvived civilisationââ¬â¢ through reminiscing about life before white settlement and his language: ââ¬Å"I walked down the track to where the camp place used to be and voices, laughing, singing, came surging back to me. In Act One Scene One, Worru sings of his past, something that is all but real now that he is going through a lost as a result of living in a suburbia-dominated world. Through the study of Coonardoo by Katherine Suzanne Prichard, I am able to see that the aboriginal generational views would be ones of sympathy and empathetic understanding, as aboriginals would be able to relate heavily with Worru, knowing just how much they lost because of the dramatic change in the way they wanted to live. On the contrary, a white audience of the same era wouldnââ¬â¢t be able to understand how aboriginals couldnââ¬â¢t adapt to such a ââ¬Å"easyâ⬠lifestyle, and be unable to connect to the Aboriginal background and estrangement of their race. Readers who have read more texts than most are able to see and understand how changed contexts but parallel themes are cooperative in identifying symbols. Through my reading The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and The Dreamers has allowed me to understand the symbol of alcohol and its meaning of escapism in both plays respectively. Tom Wingfield from The Glass Menagerie drinks constantly, trying to escape the horrors of the Great Depression in America. He drinks to forget his issues and withdraw from a pitiful reality. This reading allows me to understand the reasoning behind why, in The Dreamers, Worru, Peter, Eli and Roy all drink constantly ââ¬â using money needed for food and other essentials: ââ¬Å"The full bottle is now nearly empty. The heat and the alcohol are taking their toll. â⬠The characters drink alcohol to also escape from the cultural oppression of white society and the failing ways of aboriginal life. They see alcohol as the only way to forget what has been done to them, as it is an influential depressant, and using it to disengage from a reality that would see the complete deprivation of the aboriginal way ââ¬â a way they cherish. An informed reading is not something that just comes naturally, it must be taught and learnt over the reading of numerous texts, therefore reading is not natural. In Conclusion, readings are mostly advanced through a readers own individual context and experiences. My interpretations on a tribal aboriginal family were analogized by the white generations of the 1980s view on aboriginals, establishing that reading is not neutral. The diverse generational views formed unlike perspectives on who would sympathise with the hostility of the aboriginal race, my own background through the study of the other texts Coonardoo, The Dreamers and The Glass Menagerie has given me a purer understanding of how alcohol embodies escapism for people in contemporary society. All these factors have established my view that reading is neither neutral, nor natural. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-22730603722381261772020-02-26T19:23:00.001-08:002020-02-26T19:23:01.916-08:00Implementing Radical Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsImplementing Radical Change - Essay Example This study follows the recommendations suggested by Gersick (1991) to differentiate between changes in processes and the outcome of these processes. The author used this recommendation to differentiate between the nature of changes and its implementation speed. These two dimensions have been used as frameworks to discuss all the issues related to radical changes implementation. This paper suggests that it is very useful to differentiate between the nature of changes and the speed of its implementation and assumes that this distinction is important to deal with radical changes; especially for researchers and change managers. This paper suggests that the gradual implementation of radical changes can reduce the degree of user resistance to changes. As pointed out by this paper, the gradual (slow) implementation of radical changes can be achieved with more effect under specific circumstances, especially in the software development. This study suggests that there are two key elements that contribute to the gradual implementation of radical changes: "organization characteristics" such as organizational culture and "technological innovation" such as investing in technology on a long-term. This study uses two dimensions of changes- the nature of change and the implementation of the changes. These two dimensions give the study a broad understanding of how the changes happen and what is the effective speed to implement the changes. The findings of this r... This paper suggests that the gradual implementation of radical changes can reduce the degree of user resistance to changes. As pointed out by this paper, the gradual (slow) implementation of radical changes can be achieved with more effect under specific circumstances, especially in the software development. This study suggests that there are two key elements that contribute to the gradual implementation of radical changes: "organization characteristics" such as organizational culture and "technological innovation" such as investing in technology on a long-term. 3.2. Evaluation This study uses two dimensions of changes- the nature of change and the implementation of the changes. These two dimensions give the study a broad understanding of how the changes happen and what is the effective speed to implement the changes. This study is limited to particular change in certain organizations during a short period of time and cannot be generalized into other changes in other organizations. The findings of this research results from the implementation of radical change in a specific organization settings, during the implementation of the specific technology -"CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools". Hence there are no evidences to prove that the findings may be applicable to other technologies. 3.3. Key sources The authors of this paper based on the recommendation of Gersick as a key source for analysing the radical changes in the selected company. This paper drew on the works of Fichman, Kemerer and Orlikowski to categorize the implementation of CASE tools as radical changes. In addition, this study is based on the "episodic pattern" introduced by Tyre and Orlikowski to determine the implementation speed of Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-89462452437045597222020-02-10T12:10:00.001-08:002020-02-10T12:10:02.863-08:00Radio program about 'Conservative Muslims in Liberal Britain' EssayRadio program about 'Conservative Muslims in Liberal Britain' - Essay Example They believe that a woman should not expose her body to the public. The conservative Muslims are keen are keen on increasing the cultural gap between them and other communities integrated in the British liberal society. They take their children specifically to Muslim schools in an effort to segregate themselves and protect their culture. The conservative Muslims donââ¬â¢t expect their children to mix with other children claiming that they may be brainwashed and persuaded to forget about their culture. The parents go to an extent of warning their children from having English or black friends. They only want the children to attend the schools where they are restricted to other humanity subjects (BBC Radio4). The Pakistani in Britain are more conservative than the ones in their home country. This is especially evident among the Muslim leaders in Britain who think they can easily be assimilated and forget about their culture. The Palestine in their home country are more liberal and outgoing. The Muslims tend to think that their children can easily adopt the Britain culture that is illegal in their religion such as gay marriages. Some of the conservative Muslims also want to maintain their cultures t hat are illegal in Britain such as polygamy. The conservative British Pakistani are so insecure around people from other races and religions. They cluster and stay in same residences away from other people. They are also less likely to marry from a different race or tribe. They believe that intermarriage will dilute their culture and customs (BBC Radio4). They also believe in confining their women in the houses or when they move out, they completely cover themselves up with the clothing. The women are not allowed to go to the mosque or work. Even those who are lucky to work they have to find jobs near home. This has deepened the differences and in the process inhibiting integration with the other people in the Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-80043013240431495962020-01-30T20:24:00.001-08:002020-01-30T20:24:04.532-08:00One girl one dream Essay Example for Free One girl one dream Essay This knew that this wasnt the end of the man, he would be back, but next time I will hopefully be a bit more prepared. Eleza is that you? Cried a soft voice Mum? Mum is that you? I didnt think it was possible Eleza I knew you would come back she replied I have to go mum sorry, I cant get close to you because it will rip you apart when I leave again, sorry I shouted while running away down the street No Eleza no! I cant cope without you screeched mum That was the last time I ever saw my mum. Gun shots were fired shortly after I had left, and I just assumed that the police heard her and found out where she was hiding. I knew that the police would be after me soon so I searched refuge on the out skirts of the village, fortunately a couple were also on the run from the police so I went into a home with them, it wasnt an amazing home but at least it provided a roof over my head and food for my empty stomach. Why are you running from the police? I questioned the couple, because of our religion, people here do not support our beliefs and say that we dont belong in this community they stopped, they were going to say more but they could see that I was too tired to listen and so they rested my head in the cloth and rug bed they had made up for me, I thanked them. I started to shiver as it got later into the night so I moved my bed closer to the raging fire to keep warm. I woke up the next morning still feeling incredibly tired because I didnt sleep very well. The couple were very kind to me, for breakfast they gave me a cup of milk and also a piece of bread. Once I had finished eating my food I told the couple what my situation was and what my plans are, they took it as quite a surprise but understood completely and even offered to help out. Knowing that they were old enough to earn a living I stayed along side them for many days. Later on that evening we gathered around the beaming fire and chatted for hours and hours, that was until there was a knock at the door, shh, Eleza hide quickly said the couple silently. I tip toed towards the wooden toy chest and climbed in. open up! demanded a strong deep voice, The woman opened the door to the strange dark clothed man. on the floor, now! he shouted again The did as he said, I couldnt see everything but I could see through a little hole in the side of the chest. Even before the couple could have a chance to speak, the man shot them both in the head. As that bullet pierced into their skull I cringed and couldnt bare the sight, I wanted to cry but any noise could give me the same shot to the head. The strange dark man left, dragging the 2 bodies behind him. I broke out of the toy chest and went to the bathroom; I splashed water onto my face to revive my self, I knew it wasnt worth getting worked up about as I already had a mission to complete. But this incident just made me more determined to get back at the mayor. Whats next? Chapter 11 Screaming with silent rage I crept through the village of murderers. My mind was spinning and I had headaches slicing in and out my skull. I noticed the mayor walking down the street, I followed not too far behind, by the looks of it he was walking towards the forest, I wanted to go see if Oscar was ok but didnt want to chance getting caught. I gave up on following the mayor because he walked into a building and then just disappeared out of sight. I then focused on getting into the forest to see the construction so far. It had been raining the night before so the way up the hill was wet and slippery, I fell many times, but easily managed to get back up again. When I finally reached the top of the hill I saw that the construction hadnt progressed much at all. I went around back to see more, Eleza.. PST.. Eleza over here came a whisper from behind. hey, how are you here, I saw you had a arrow in your back, you cant be alive! I stepped back in shock, that was a tranquiliser, the guard saw me and assumed I was trying to steal the blueprint, so shot me simple mistake, Im sorry I scared you like that. are you still willing to help me then? I wanted to get this over with so I wasnt going to laze about. dont worry about the building Eleza, since youve been gone I have spoken to the mayor and many arguments were fought, but I have managed to convince them to make the building eco friendly. It will cost a lot more money to make but you are the reason why many animals in this forest will be preserved and protected well done! thank-you for doing this for me, how can I repay you for this? I felt incredibly happy that someone was inspired by me. come down to the mayors office with me tonight, I think he wants to talk to you replied the boy. are you mad! I will be killed! I shouted no seriously I can honestly say that you are safe with me, please trust me as I trusted you before pleaded the boy I felt that if I didnt go then it would be mean because he had helped me out a great deal and I should help him in return. ok then, but if anything should go wrong then may your thoughts be guilty for ever I accepted to see what the mayor wanted. I went off into the forest to get ready for tonight, I found Oscar beneath a big branch where we once stayed. He followed me down to the lake, I took a swim to clean off so not to get bad impressions with the mayor. The time passed and by the time I had dried off and got back to the construction site it was already time to go. come on then we best get a move on I said while already walking. We reached the mayors present house on time, we knocked on the door and waited for a response. Helping out- chapter 12 Enter please spoke a well mannered butler Just stay calm and when the mayor wants to talk then let him demanded the boy Hello Eleza, I have heard many stories of you, I understand that you like to stand up for what you believe in, am I right? said the mayor in a strong voice Yes, you are correct I answer in the simplest way possible I want you to do a favour for me, I will pay for your food and sleeping place, you wonder why, but I really do think that you have the courage we need, do you think you can manage to stand up for what you believe in even if the opposition is bigger?. I thought for a while before proclaiming my reply, I would love to take hold of the responsibility of helping out, but do not understand why you would choose me to do this, I was being chased by your men the other day, how can I know that I can trust you? I still wasnt convinced but if what he was saying was true then I would be overwhelmed and hopefully do a good job. Ok, I guess I should tell you now, I havent been completely straight with you, I will look after the forest here for you, but you must leave to southern Africa to do a job for me, flight is paid for, and you will be helping the green team to help decrease the amount of de forestation, and also in your free time you will be helping the smaller children in the schools but if you do not accept this then your precious forest will be burned to the ground for my house to be bigger! So the choice is yours. It wasnt much of a choice so I just did what I had to and agreed to go. I will go but Oscar must be able to fly over with me! Im sorry but it is illegal for wild animals like Oscar to fly over on the plane with you I knew he was right so I just gave in, but made sure that he is promised to be looked after by the mayor. I looked back and went to talk to my friend, Ive never been to Africa, is this a nice place to be? I havent ever been either, but I do know that it is a third world country, with children that need your help replied my friend. The mayor went out the room and talked to another man about the trip, I was shacking but not because I was scared, just because I was filled with many emotions, I was actually quite excited. Journey and arrival chapter 13 I set off early the following morning and endured 12 long tiring hours on the flight to northern Africa, then another 9 hours on a train to my destination. When I got off the train my legs were numb and floppy. When I arrived I was directed into a small long building and was told what I should do. The mayor explained that he is only here today then will be flying home tomorrow, and then he introduced me to my mentor. Eleza, I hope that your stay here will be pleasurable, my name is Mandisa please come meet our youngest residents in our village. I was taken into a classroom where little children stared at the teacher, they gave her all their attention, there was no shouting, it was just calm nice place to learn. I didnt want to disturb them so instead I went into the village centre and saw just how hard it was for them to survive. Could I have a cup of water please? I asked a local The man said nothing, he walked over to a well and scooped out a bucket of water, I went over to him, he handed me the bucket. Is this what you drink everyday? I wondered I looked into the bucket; the water was cloudy with dirt floating on the surface. This wasnt what I was expecting, I was hoping that the people hadnt been drinking this for too long, this water isnt drinkable and could kill if the wrong bits are drank. It is the end of the school day now, come with me to see the children said Mandisa I followed her to the classroom again and met up with the kids, meeting them made me feel important, I felt like I was a vital part of their lives, and that I could make a difference to their lives. Hello, my name is Keon, whats your name? questioned a young boy Eleza, I am here to help you and your class friends out. Yay, no-ones ever come to our village before, other than Aitan, your mayor Is your mum going to pick you up from school? I just wanted to talk to him, I wanted to make friends. My mum is gone Keon fell silent and faced the ground she is gone, but my dad is in the fields. I have to go; my older sister has a disease and needs all the support she can get. Before I could get a chance to comfort him he was gone. I walked down the road and met up with Mandisa. Come; come quick, its Keons sister! She is in desperate need of help. I didnt rely, I just ran with her to his home. There was a huge gathering of people out side of the house; me and Mandisa stepped into the sweltering house mounted of sad people, the mood was unbearable and cries came from the room that Keons sister lay. I ran into the room and looked into the eyes of the girl, I could see that she was in a cycle of eternal pain; I knew this was an incurable disease and couldnt help but feel sorry for the girl, at such a young age, (2 years younger than me and 3 years older than Keon.) I left the house and went to the little mud cottage where I was staying, I sat on the bed and relaxed, I cant stand emotional moments, it just brings back bad memories that Id rather not think about. There was a knock at the door, Hello, Eleza are you in there? sobbed a voice from behind the door, I went over to the door to find Keon looking at me then grasped my waist and burst into tears I hugged him for over 10 minutes before he let go and sat next to me on the bed and told me the tragic news about his sister. His father kindly invited me to the funeral then took Keon back home to get some sleep. I was shattered and was shocked by how much happened to me in one day, and was glad when the day came to a close. But I was eager to see what tomorrow had in store for me. African life chapter 14 Eleza, Eleza time to get up whispered a soft voice in my ear I couldnt talk because my lips were so dry and crisp they remained sealed, I leapt out of bed. They gave me a towel and a bucket of water to wash my face with. The first job of the day was to cover a simple lesson of spelling; I walked to the classroom with the children and was introduced to them all. I then started off the lesson by asking each individual child what they think their abilities are, this helped me to know what their level of learning is currently. The teachers didnt have books to teach from, just a teacher that goes by memory. I didnt get an education so I wasnt doing anything too complicated; I just went over what I already knew. The school day wasnt very long because the children got too hot in the classroom, after the class Mandisa met me outside. She told me that I was here to make a difference to the peoples lives and that I should try to make some tasks up for myself to complete. I thought for just a few moments then decided what I was going to do next. Keon showed me around the village and pointed over to the forest, or what remained of it anyway. I told him that I will protest against the men but I couldnt use force. I think I have a plan, what is the cutest creature in your forest? I questioned The baby monkeys are cute, they live high in the trees Keon replied Lets go then I shouted to him while running through the forest. Keon knew that there was only a slim chance that my plan would work and so he didnt get his hopes up. It took a while to spot any wildlife in the forest because the noise of the chainsaws had frightened them half to death, I crept up quietly to one of the babies, the mother was higher in the trees so she didnt see me coming, Keon gently lifted down the monkey and handed it to me, then we walked for miles and miles to find the campsite of the tree murderers and once there Keon gave a good firm knock on the door and waited for a response. Whos there came a voice behind them I turned around quickly and addressed them, We are begging you please stop cutting down the trees, so many animals die because you have taken away their home and family, here is a monkey that is calling out for your help I had to make up a sad story about the monkey or it wouldnt take effect. I am just against it as you but we must do this otherwise we are out of jobs and wont be able to afford to survive. I could see that the man wasnt the kind to give up easily and so I diverted to the second plan,you know, we will always have a place for you in the village and even though you have had you arguments with them, Im sure if you stop cutting the trees down they will be happy to take you in. if this didnt work then we were screwed. This is something I will consider, it wont be immediate but you idea will not be discarded, dont come back, we will move Im due course. The turned and walked away into their house, we went back to the village and carefully put the baby monkey back exactly where we found it. I went back to my where I slept the night before and rested there. As I lay I thought about all the changes I could make to this village if I put my mind to it, I wasnt an adult, but the village treated me as one and made me feel wanted. This was when I knew, my dream has become a reality, I wanted to make a difference to the world and help those in more need than me. For once in my life I feel that I have done my parents proud and just wish that they could be here beside me. Everyday for over a month I got up and helped around the village, and every evening I would visit Keons mother and comfort her because the loss of her daughter was still on her mind. I had gone through so many adventures in my life and only in 1 year I had gone half way across the world and have witnessed life and death pass me by, and yet am still at a young age of 14, but my birthday is next week and the village kindly offered to have a little bonfire to celebrate, Keon even offered to sing a traditional African song called Kpanlogo this song had a strong meaning behind it but he wanted to sing it because it had a great tune to it. Free life takes a change chapter 15 Keon was now a big part of my life and was like a brother to me, his mum was a thoughtful woman and she welcomed me into her family. I took the job of permanently teaching his class and in the process I even taught myself new things and the children told me about the animals and wildlife that surrounds them. That night Mandisa walked up to me with tears building up in her eyes, she told me that the mayor said that I couldnt stay any longer, he needed help back home. So unfortunately my time in Africa came to an end. I was heartbroken to leave my new family, I felt like someone when I was there and didnt want to go. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-27299802593884491322020-01-22T16:48:00.001-08:002020-01-22T16:48:04.569-08:00Voluntary Executions :: essays research papers fc à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Voluntary Executions à à à à à Legal executions in Californian were authorized under the criminal practice act of 1851. On Feb. 14, 1872 capital punishment was incorporated into the penal code. In 1937, the legislature provided that lethal gas replace hanging with August 27, 1937 as the effective date. The only lethal gas chamber in the state was constructed at San Quentin. The first execution by lethal gas was conducted December 2, 1938. From that date through 1967 a total of 194 persons were executed by gas, all at San Quentin. This total includes four women. For 25 years after 1967 there were no executions in California due to various state and United States Supreme Court decisions. In 1972 the California Supreme Court found that the death penalty constituted cruel and unusual punishment under the state constitution. As a result 107 individuals had their sentences changed to other than death. In November 1972, nine months after the decision, the California electorate amended that state constitution and overruled the state supreme court. The California State legislature re-enacted the death penalty statue in 1977. Under the new statue, evidence in mitigation was permitted. In January 1993, a new law went into effect allowing inmates to choose lethal injection or lethal gas as the method of execution. In October 1994, an U.S. District Judge, Northern District (San Francisco) ruled that the gas chamber was cruel and unusual punishment, barring the state from using that method of execution. (State) ââ¬Å" This clearly permits the death penalty to be imposed and establishes beyond doubt that the death penalty is not one of the cruel and unusual punishmentââ¬â¢s prohibited by the Eighth amendment. (Scalia) When the nation was younger, criminal routinely were put to death in public. Now, state prison officials and news media representives are locked in a fight over just how public todayââ¬â¢s death row executions should be. News media groups in California contend that have a constitution right to witness executions in their entirety. But state officials have won court permission to bar reporters and the public until moments before poison is pumped into a condemned inmateââ¬â¢s veins. A federal appeals court recently ruled that California officials could bar the public and press while preparing inmates for death. The process takes about 20 minutes and includes strapping inmates onto a gurney and inserting tubes into the condemned inmates veins that will carry the lethal drugs. (Carelli) à à à à à The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled Tuesday that the public and news media have little-if any-constitutional right to see an execution, although the judges stopped short of saying whether a state could bar reporters from executions altogether. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-40508129304629608902020-01-14T13:12:00.001-08:002020-01-14T13:12:05.095-08:00Providing Feedback and Monitoring Student Progress EssayTeacher feedback is the essential and probably the critical element of student learning. We frequently refer to teacher feedback as the effective instrument of instructional change. However, why do we always forget that teacher feedback is integrally linked to student motivation? In reality, teacher feedback is an effective tool that drives student motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation may substantially improve when teachers do not simply score and grade students, but provide students with objective feedback and inform them about the progress they make during the learning process. At this point, it is important to look at teacher feedback through a different prism: we will distance ourselves from the traditional instructional paradigm, but will use the ââ¬Å"learning paradigm, when after gathering information on the studentsââ¬â¢ learning process, the teacher reflects and gives his (her) views on what he (she) has observed back to the studentsâ⬠(Kwong, 2001). From the viewpoint of extrinsic motivation, teacher feedback serves an effective external factor that motivates students to learn. From the viewpoint of intrinsic motivation, the inner student desire to learn is increased when student needs are recognized, evaluated, and satisfied through teacher feedback. At least three different types of teacher feedback can be used to enhance student motivation in learning; these include informative feedback, grades, and task involvement. The concept of task involvement id described as ââ¬Å"the concern to develop or demonstrate (primarily to oneself) high ability. It follows that when we are task-involved, we will attempt to learn if we see an opportunity to do so and, when doing so, will feel we are doing what we want to doâ⬠(Salili & Maehr, 1986). Task-involvement implies active and constant interaction between the teacher and student, where students feel responsibility for the learning outcomes, and where this responsibility increases student intrinsic motivation. If properly utilized, grades may also turn into effective force driving student motivation. Very often, grading is referred to as the instrument that negatively impacts studentsââ¬â¢ desire to learn (Salili & Maehr, 1986); that is why grading should be combined with informative teacher feedback. It is important that teachers do not use grades as a reward, but rather promote grades as the instrument reflecting student progress. Informative feedback may also be used separately, to inform students about their learning achievements, to inform students about additional learning opportunities and incentives, and to guarantee that students are able to use these opportunities and incentives to improve their achievements in learning. The concept of teacher feedback should be re-considered through a new ââ¬Å"non-instructional prismâ⬠. The time has come to realize that objective teacher feedback combined with recognition and respect to students is a cost-effective factor driving student motivation at all stages of the learning process. Teacher feedback should be positive and objective. Teacher feedback should form the basis of continuous strategy, where students and teachers interact on equal terms, and all students have equal chances to succeed in learning. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-57100657110552351382020-01-06T09:36:00.001-08:002020-01-06T09:36:04.453-08:00Characteristics of Shakespeares History Plays Many of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s plays have historical elements, but only certain plays are categorized as true Shakespeare histories. Works like Macbeth and Hamlet, for example, are historical in setting but are more correctly classified as Shakespearean tragedies. The same is true for the Roman plays (Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Coriolanus), which all recall historical sources but are not technically history plays. So, if many plays seem historical but only a few truly are, what makes a Shakespeare history? Sources of Shakespeares History Plays Shakespeare pulled inspiration for his plays from a number of sources, but most of the English history plays are based on Raphael Holinsheds Chronicles. Shakespeare was known for borrowing heavily from earlier writers, and he was not alone in this. Holinsheds works, published in 1577 and 1587, were key references for Shakespeare and his contemporaries, including Christopher Marlowe. Were Shakespeares Histories Accurate? Not exactly. Even though they were a great inspiration for Shakespeare, Holinsheds works were not particularly historically accurate; instead, they are considered mostly fictional works of entertainment. However, this is only part of the reason why you shouldnt use Henry VIII to study for your history test. In writing the history plays, Shakespeare was not attempting to render an accurate picture of the past. Rather, he was writing for the entertainment of his theater audience and therefore molded historical events to suit their interests. If produced in the modern-day, Shakespeares (and Holinsheds) writings would probably be described as based on historical events with a disclaimer that they were edited for dramatic purposes. Common Features of the Shakespeare Histories The Shakespeare histories share a number of things in common. First, most are set in times of medieval English history. The Shakespeare histories dramatize the Hundred Years War with France, giving us the Henry Tetralogy, Richard II, Richard III, and King Johnââ¬âmany of which feature the same characters at different ages. Second, in all his histories, Shakespeare provides social commentary through his characters and plots. Really, the history plays say more about Shakespeareââ¬â¢s own time than the medieval society in which they are set. For example, Shakespeare cast King Henry V as an everyman hero to exploit the growing sense of patriotism in England. Yet, his depiction of this character is not necessarily historically accurate. Theres not much evidence that Henry V had the rebellious youth that Shakespeare depicts, but the Bard wrote him that way to make his desired commentary. Social Class in Shakespearesà Histories Despite seeming to focus on the nobility, Shakespeares history plays often offer a view of society that cuts right across the class system. They present us with all kinds of characters, from lowly beggars to members of the monarchy, and it is not uncommon for characters from both ends of the social strata to play scenes together. Most memorable is Henry V and Falstaff, who turns up in a number of the history plays. What Are Shakespeares History Plays? Shakespeare wrote 10 histories. While these plays are distinct in subject matter, they are not in style. Unlike other plays than can be categorized into genres, the histories all provide an equal measure of tragedy and comedy. The 10 plays classified as histories are as follows: Henry IV, Part IHenry IV, Part IIHenry VHenry VI, Part IHenry VI, Part IIHenry VI, Part IIIHenry VIIIKing JohnRichard IIRichard III Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-27284111848672153542019-12-29T06:01:00.001-08:002019-12-29T06:01:05.538-08:00University at Buffalo SUNY UB Admissions Facts The University at Buffalo, part of the State University of New York system, is a comprehensive public research university located in Western New York. The University at Buffalo is the largest of the SUNY schools with ambitious plans for future growth. The school has three campuses totaling over 1,300 acres. Shuttles run frequently between and across campuses. Because of UBs many excellent research centers, it was granted membership in the Association of American Universities. In athletics, the Buffalo Bulls compete in the NCAA Division I Mid-American Conference. Admissions Data (2016) SUNY University at Buffalo Acceptance Rate: 59%GPA, SAT and ACT graph for UB Test Scores: 25th / 75th Percentile SAT Critical Reading: 520à / 610SAT Math: 550à /à 660ACT Composite: 24à / 29 Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 30,184à (20,412 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 57% Male / 43% Female92% Full-time Costs (2016à - 17) Tuition and Fees: $9,574 (in-state); $26,814 (out-of-state)Books: $1,196à (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,292Other Expenses: $2,481Total Cost: $25,489à (in-state); $42,729 (out-of-state) University at Buffalo Financial Aid (2015à - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 77%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 63%Loans: 52%Average Amount of AidGrants: $8,577Loans: $9,259 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:à Accounting, Biomedical Sciences, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Electrical Engineering, English, History, Humanities, Mechanical Engineering, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology, Social Sciences Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86%Transfer-out Rate: 14%4-Year Graduation Rate: 58%6-Year Graduation Rate: 74% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:à Football, Basketball, Baseball, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, WrestlingWomens Sports:à Track and Field, Rowing, Softball, Soccer, Cross Country, Swimming, Volleyball, Tennis Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics UB and the Common Application The University at Buffalo uses the Common Application. University of Buffalo Mission Statement: The University at Buffalo is a diverse, inclusive scholarly community dedicated to bringing the benefits of its research, scholarship and creative activity, and educational excellence to global and local communities in ways that impact and positively change the world.à We view the three traditional pillars of the public higher education missionââ¬âresearch, education, and serviceââ¬âas interdependent endeavors that continually enrich and inform each other. Groundbreaking research, transformative educational experiences, and deeply engaged service to its communities define the University at Buffaloââ¬â¢s mission as a premier, research-intensive public university. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-51604759816718174272019-12-21T01:49:00.001-08:002019-12-21T01:49:03.804-08:00Freewill Is The Ability Of Act On His Own Accord - 909 Words Freewill is the ability to act on his or her own accord. It is a major factor that makes one human. Many born into this world know that they have the ability to speak and do things on their own without second thought. It is something that few rarely doubt. Majority of people believe that they truly do have freewill. To them freewill is like a comfort device. It gives them control over his or her own life. The word ââ¬Ëfreedomââ¬â¢ is also associated with freewill, giving one a sense of liberty and independency in the eyes of those who believe they truly have freewill. As well as being self-reliant and having self-responsibility. Responsibility is a key factor to freewill. Since a person can choose for his or her own self, that choice may not always be the best to choose. There are six forms of responsibility: virtue, role, outcome, casual, capacity, and liability. Each form of responsibility intertwines with one another. Virtue is a form that describes oneââ¬â¢s character or reputation. Role, refers to oneââ¬â¢s specific duty on what a person ââ¬Ëoughtââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëought notââ¬â¢ to do. Next, Casual responsibility is a form of ââ¬Ëconditionââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëoutcomeââ¬â¢, which a personââ¬â¢s actions produce a specific outcome. Outcome is a result from casual and role responsibility. Capacity is the ability to understand what one is required to do or not to do. Lastly, liability is about who is now held responsible for what has happened, in other words blame. From each form of responsibility, it shows how one reacts toShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophical Debate On Moral Responsibility1690 Words à |à 7 PagesThe question is still a major issue addressed today. 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This concept can be observed in William ShakespearesRead MoreWhy God Should Not Be Blamed On God1707 Words à |à 7 Pagesshould not be blamed on God. Secondly, I will address the question why would an all-good God allow evil to exist within his creation. To answer that question, I will look to freewill to help explain why God would allow evil to take place. Finally, I will address the major question, why do bad things happen to good people. I feel to answer the question we have to look to our own perception of the situation, and what Gods plan is. The problem of evil has been of great debate thro ughout time, and continuesRead MoreThe Different Ways Of Which Freedom Can Be Compatible With Determinism1334 Words à |à 6 PagesHume in his argument on free will also added that ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢By liberty (free will) we can only mean a power of acting or not acting according to determinations of the will, that is if we choose to remain at rest, we may, if we choose to move, we may also.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ Therefore, this hypothetical liberty of David Hume according to (Consider Ethics textbook) is universally allowed to belong to anyone who is not prisoner or in chains. And so free will as David Hume claimed consists in having the power to act in accordanceRead MoreThe Political System Of A Nation Impact The Human Identity ( Culture ) Of Families1651 Words à |à 7 Pagesnon-judicial divorce of his wife, which are permitted by Muslim religious law.â⬠[Katz, Ruth and Peres, Huchanan] ââ¬Å"They allocate legal guardianship for the children of a union [whether in or out of wedlock] to both parents.â⬠[Katz, Ruth and Peres, Huchanan] These state supported courts rule in accord with religious laws, which restrict inter-faith marriage, encourage family stability, and place obstacles in the way of divorce. For divorce, it requires that the husband gives his wife a writ of divorceRead MoreThe Sovereignty of God and Freewill of Man4226 Words à |à 17 Pagescreated man is free under the sovereign God revealed in the bible continues to swing between views that virtually eliminate either manââ¬â¢s freewill or Godââ¬â¢s sovereignty, the Scripture teaches that both exist in such a way that neither is diminished. In manââ¬â¢s grappling with this seeming paradox in an attempt to understand, some untether their definitions of God and His attributes from traditional understandings and biblical teaching. Others, remaining tethered to the bible, create explanations that emphasizeRead MoreEssay on Lockes Theory of Resistance3076 Words à |à 13 Pagesviolation of right, but that there are some violations of the law that are not necessarily tyrannical. His thesis is that no positive law is valid unless it accords with the natural law. When legislative actions are taken to advance or enhance private interests, at the expense of the public good, then such action is referred to not as tyrannical law, but as an act of war [5]. A prerogative act, in accordance with this standard, can be seen to be lawful and rightful and can then be accorded equivalence Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5025017390849196549.post-10116230641311104812019-12-12T22:19:00.001-08:002019-12-12T22:19:03.637-08:00This I Believe - Coming Clean free essay sample Writing this essay was one of the most difficult things Iââ¬â¢ve ever had to do. Itââ¬â¢s not hard because Iââ¬â¢m a bad writer, or I struggle with English class, or I donââ¬â¢t have a topic to write about. This is hard because Iââ¬â¢m not sure how to open up to people about one of the most personal aspects of my life. Rather than dancing around the topic, Iââ¬â¢ll come right out and say it. I self-harm myself. Itââ¬â¢s hard to describe to someone whoââ¬â¢s never cut before exactly what makes me do it or why it makes me feel better. However, I can tell you when it started and when it progressed to the point where I honestly couldnââ¬â¢t stop anymore. When I started dating Mike, I was more than a little nervous. He was my first serious boyfriend, and I was only a freshman while he was a junior in high school already. Iââ¬â¢d known him for about a year at that point. We went to the same church and attended youth group every Wednesday night. He was like a big brother to me and was immediately protective of me. I originally thought this heroism was sweet, his way of showing that he cared about our friendship and about my well-being. I didnââ¬â¢t realize that this was the first sign that something was terribly wrong with him. The first time Mike hit me, I didnââ¬â¢t know what to think. We fought often, but I attributed that to the fact that we both were very opinionated and outgoing people. I knew he loved me, even when we fought, so I never thought of it as a major problem. This particular day, we had been arguing again. Looking back, I canââ¬â¢t even remember what the fight had been about. At one point in the fight, I told him I was going to walk home. My house was a short distance from his, and I was so upset that I had wanted to walk and clear my head rather than have him drive me home. When I started to gather my things and walk towards the door, he chased after me, begging me not to go and to stay so we could talk things out. I told him no, that I would call him later, and that I was leaving. I turned around to tell him goodbye, and he raised his hand to me. I flinched away, but he had stopped, so I thought maybe I had imagined it. I realized I was wrong when he again raised his fist to punch me in the arm. We both stood there, silent, for a moment before I ran out of the door. He followed me, apologizing and saying it would never happen again, that it was an accident, but I was already on the phone with a friend of mine, asking her to come get me. Later that week, Mike brought me flowers and chocolate and begged for my forgiveness, saying it would never happen again and that he didnââ¬â¢t want to lose me. I trusted him, and so I believed him and accepted his apology. For a few weeks, things were peaceful. But then, once again, a fight broke out and he became violent again, this time pinning me to his bed when I tried to leave. He locked the door, jumped on top of me and held me down so that I couldnââ¬â¢t move or breathe. I was terrified. Finally, I gathered enough air in my lungs to let out a small scream, and he let me go, once again apologizing over and over again. I was scared, so I walked home. The next day, I woke up to flowers sitting on my bedside table. He had dropped them off while I was sleeping and my dad had put them on my table for me. Nobody suspected what was really going on in our relationship. I lied to people about the scars and bruises on my body. I told them that I had fallen down, that Mike and I had been fooling around and it had gotten a little rough, that my cat had scratched me, anything but the truth. When Mike pushed me off of a 6 foot tall ledge onto a parking lot full of broken glass, I told my parents that I had fallen down off of the curb in the parking lot at the mall. I could tell they were skeptical, but I stuck to my story until they finally dropped it. At this point, I was terrified to leave him. However, on the other hand, I didnââ¬â¢t want to leave him even if I had the chance. When somebody you love hits you, youââ¬â¢re almost paralyzed in a way. You never thought in a million years that the person who says they loved you would hurt you so badly. By the time you manage to wrap your head around it, theyââ¬â¢re apologizing and bring gifts and crying for you to take them back. Itââ¬â¢s an endless cycle of lies and confusion. When Mike joined the U.S Army, he didnââ¬â¢t tell me first. He lied and said he was going to his grandparents house for the weekend, when he was actually going with his grandpa to enlist. I was terrified. Looking back, I probably should have been happy. The Army gave me a way to date Mike at a distance. But it doesnââ¬â¢t work that way. When someone you love decides to join the service, itââ¬â¢s a terrifying experience. Youââ¬â¢re filled with emotions ranging from overwhelming pride to overwhelming fear and everything else in between. I originally thought that Mike was going to be leaving for basic training seven months after enlisting, but they changed that at the last minute. He was going to be leaving in one month instead of seven. All the time that I thought I would have with him before he left was suddenly gone and there was nothing I could do to stop it. I felt like my world was crashing down around my feet while I sat by and was forced to watch, helpless. After Mike left for Basic Training, I was torn apart. I didnââ¬â¢t want to get out of bed in the morning, let alone go to school and have to face everybody staring at me and telling me that they knew how I felt. Every time somebody said those words, ââ¬Å"I know how you feel,â⬠I wanted to hit them. How could they know how I felt? None of them knew what it was like to lose somebody like that. I felt like I had done something wrong to chase him away. I knew I was being ridiculous, but thatââ¬â¢s how it works when somebody hits you. They manipulate you and confuse you. They use you. I was no different than any of the other countless girls in the world who get physically and emotionally abused by their spouse or partner. When Mike came back to visit between Basic Training and his eighteen-week Advanced Individual Training, I was more than excited. He was coming home over Christmas, my birthday, and New Years. However, this is when the worst time he hit me came. We were driving to his auntââ¬â¢s house. I had just given blood for the first time and had almost passed out due to my blood pressure dropping so low. I had been on an I.V for almost 2 hours and had been at the blood center with Mike for over 4 hours. Needless to say, I wasnââ¬â¢t in the best physical condition. We started arguing on our way to his auntââ¬â¢s house for dinner. It was snowing heavily and there was already a good six inches of snow on the ground. We pulled into a gas station near his auntââ¬â¢s house. I was terrified that he was going to hit me, so I started the short walk to his auntââ¬â¢s house while he went inside to pay. He saw me on the side of the road, pulled over, and forced me into the car. With no seatb elts on, he swerved for a deer and we crashed into a massive snow bank. I hit my head on the dash board and he hit his on the steering wheel. We were a little battered, but overall fine. He then turned to me and blamed me for getting into the accident. He pushed my head against the side of the truck hard, giving me a large bump on the side of my head. He punched me in the arm that I had donated with until I was seeing spots. After what seemed like a lifetime, his dad came with his truck to pull us out of the ditch and bring us to his auntââ¬â¢s house to relax and eat. After dinner, Mike and I went into the basement to watch a movie. He was pretending like nothing had happened, so I figured that maybe it was over and we were ok. I was very wrong. Mike set up the movie, asked me to come lie on the bed with him, and began taking my clothes off. I asked him what he was doing, and he told me that I owed him. He said I was going to have sex with him to make up for all of the fighting a nd for ââ¬Å"being a baby.â⬠He forced me onto the bed, pulled my clothes off, and got on top of me. I was terrified. I began to cry as he tried to quiet me down. When it was clear I wasnââ¬â¢t going to be quiet, he gave up, got mad at me, slapped me across the face, and began to play the movie. After that, he acted like nothing had ever happened. A few days later, he went away again and it was months before I would see him again. I finally turned to cutting to ease the pain. I had cut before when I had to change schools right before high school, but it had never been something I did very frequently until now. After I cut, itââ¬â¢s like a weight has been lifted off of my shoulders. When I started cutting, it was just a few small marks, barely breaking the skin, but throughout high school it got worse. I was dealing with problems kids my age shouldnââ¬â¢t have to go through: an abusive boyfriend, lack of close friends or family members, a few close friends joining the military, a boyfriend joining the army without telling me first, emotional and verbal abuse at home, and gossip and rumors spread around my school about me. Cutting became my escape. With my eyes down, and long sleeves covering my wrists, I hid from everyone. Solitude became safer than interacting with the world. I was holding my own personal masquerade ball where I clung to my mask as if my life depended on it. Eventually, cutting wasnââ¬â¢t enough. I was burning myself and not eating or sleeping. At first, I hid the marks and scars. It was my dirty little secret. I would go through an endless cycle of making promises to myself that I would stop this time, just to end up breaking them a few days later. I felt like a disappointment, a failure. Honestly, sometimes I still do. Although today I donââ¬â¢t cut nearly as much as I used to, I still have rough days where Iââ¬â¢ll slip. I have days where Iââ¬â¢m so happy I canââ¬â¢t imagine ever cutting again and days where I can hardly drag myself out of bed in the morning. I live my life moment by moment most days. Many people have looked at me and judged me. I suppose Iââ¬â¢ve brought that on myself. But this is what I believe: I shouldnââ¬â¢t have to hide anymore because my past does not define my future. Just because I may have some scars and I may be unsure, that does not mean that I will be destined to fail. Going to college is going to be my fresh start. I will hide no longer. I will be ashamed no longer. Everyone is fighting their own battle, just because my battle happens to be with self-harm and abuse doesnââ¬â¢t mean I should have to be embarrassed by my scars. I believe that I can overcome my challenges and come out on the other side stronger than I started. And so, this is me. This is who I am, with my scars and my tears, with no more secrets, and with an open heart, looking for new friends, a fresh start, and a better tomorrow. Mirta Wilmothhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10280470814733564208noreply@blogger.com0